
Arthur Andersen was a global accounting and consulting firm that collapsed in 2002 after the Enron scandal.
The professional services market that Arthur Andersen competed in has consolidated around a small number of very large audit and advisory networks, with the Big Four dominating large-issuer audit work and the consulting that surrounds it. Demand for assurance, tax, and advisory services has continued to grow with corporate complexity and regulation.
After the US Supreme Court reversed the firm's conviction in 2005, the Arthur Andersen name was revived as a tax and advisory brand and the Q Center training campus stayed under the partnership's ownership, but the original audit business did not return. The name now carries a legacy meaning to alumni and clients rather than a continuing audit franchise.
Arthur Andersen competed on a standardized delivery model backed by heavy internal training, so clients received a consistent audit and advisory product across offices and countries. Its audit practice was among the largest of its era, giving it deep industry knowledge and the scale to serve the biggest multinational issuers.
Early investment in centralized professional education produced a large and loyal alumni network and a reputation for technical rigor. Its consulting business also grew faster than the traditional audit and tax lines, giving the firm a second engine of growth ahead of many competitors.
Providing audit and consulting services to the same corporate clients created structural conflicts of interest, and a consulting-led growth culture weakened auditor independence over time. The partnership structure made governance slow to react as audit problems surfaced at clients including Waste Management, Sunbeam Products, and Enron.
Dependence on a limited number of very large engagements left the firm exposed to a single client crisis, and later to the loss of its right to practice. The document-destruction controversy and the resulting criminal conviction showed that the firm lacked the compliance controls and crisis response needed to contain a reputational shock.