Scala
Provider 
Founded 2016
Sells To —
Pricing Model —
Ownership —

Hybrid functional and object-oriented programming language on the JVM, stewarded by the Scala Center at EPFL.
Scala is a hybrid functional and object-oriented programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine, combining strong static typing, pattern matching, and immutable-data idioms with full interoperability with Java libraries. It is used for large-scale backend services, data engineering with Apache Spark, and distributed systems.
The Scala Center at EPFL stewards the language's open-source development, including the compiler, standard library, and tooling such as Metals and sbt. Scala competes with OCaml and F# as a statically typed language bridging functional programming and mainstream managed runtimes.
Apache Software Foundation

Apache Groovy
apache.org
Nubank

Clojure
nubank.com.br
Microsoft

F#
microsoft.com
Oracle

Java
oracle.com
JetBrains

Kotlin
jetbrains.com
Inria

OCaml
inria.fr
| Attribute | Scala | Apache Groovy | Clojure | F# | Java | Kotlin | OCaml | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provider | ||||||||
| Founded | 2016 | 1999 | 2013 | 1975 | 1977 | 2000 | 1967 | |
| Sells To | — | — | — | Enterprises, Small Business | Enterprise, Small Business | Developers | — | |
| Pricing Model | — | — | — | SaaS, Transactional | Recurring, Software, Transactional | Subscription | — | |
| Ownership | — | Nonprofit | Public | Public | Public | Private | Government-owned |
Provider 
Founded 2016
Sells To —
Pricing Model —
Ownership —
Provider 
Founded 1999
Sells To —
Pricing Model —
Ownership Nonprofit
Provider 
Founded 2013
Sells To —
Pricing Model —
Ownership Public
Provider 
Founded 1975
Sells To Enterprises, Small Business
Pricing Model SaaS, Transactional
Ownership Public
Provider 
Founded 1977
Sells To Enterprise, Small Business
Pricing Model Recurring, Software, Transactional
Ownership Public


Purely functional, statically typed programming language with lazy evaluation, supported by the Haskell Foundation.


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Purely functional, statically typed programming language with lazy evaluation, supported by the Haskell Foundation.

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Strongly typed programming language from Microsoft that builds on JavaScript with syntax for types and better tooling.

Dart is Google's programming language for building applications across mobile, web, and desktop targets.

Swift is Apple's general-purpose programming language for apps across its platforms and servers.
